Representations in newspapers

Newspaper Audience

Demographic +

Psycographic = Personality = Fix, Track, Fill, Indulge, Invest

FIXED- constantly on news
TRACK- access news regularly throughout the day
FILL- access news to fill time
INDULGE- make time to enjoy news
INVEST- read news regularly and with depth

Generations
-Boomer
-Gen X
-Gen Y
-Gen Z
-Gen Alpha

BOOMERS
-more than 1 million on digital news
-most people who read news the most amount throughout the day
-prefer print papers over digital

News Presentation- NHS

-Founded on 5th of July 1948
-Stands for national health service
-Key transformation from WW2

Many people left NHS due to whats happening with brexit

Donald Trump heavily linked with the NHS in the news

Media Presentations- Refugees

What is a REFUGEE?
-A refugee is someone who is forced to leave their country due to crisis.

PREDICAMENT
-Many problems, like how to deal with the refugees
Relationships states have with each other

RECENT STORIES
-Bodies of 39 people discovered in a trailer
-The Guardian saw this as political however The Daily Mail saw it as a tragedy.

Media Presentations- Royal Family

-Daily Mail- love the royal family as shown in today's paper about how "Charles sorts out Andrews issues"
-The Guardian- do not like the royal's so they did not publish anything about Charles helping Andrew.
-When searching royal family lots of negative articles occur as most news brands do not like them.

Media Presentations- Knife and Gun violence

-UK murder rate is lower than the US.
-58 murdered at Las Vegas festival shooting "Pure Evil"
-In 2019 knife crimes rose by 70%
-Less armed forces due to budget cuts

Media Presentations- Brexit

BREXIT
-started in 2016 with a referendum
       -48% to STAY -52% to LEAVE
-David Cameron had to step down because his party wanted to stay.
-There were 3 different votes about leaving the EU
-A lot of cross party talks
-There is a lack of knowledge available for the public
LABOUR= centre/ left
supports equality
Jeremy Corbyn is the leader

CONSERVATIVE= right
Pro-Brexit
Boris Johnson is the leader

Online News

PROS
-Easy to find
-Cheaper
-Quicker
-Personal information
-Portable
-Saves trees
-Regular updates
-Linked articles

CONS
-Less depth
-Pop-up adds
-Good journalism hard to find
-FAKE NEWS

Cupptune

C- Currency- stories that are already in the news and continue to run.
U- Unexpectedness- an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary.
P- Proximity- stories that are closer to home are more likely to be included.
P- Rationalisation- stories that include human interests.
T- Threshold- the bigger the impact and reach of the story.
U- Unambiguous- stories that are easy to understand and to report on.
N- Negativity- bad news is more interesting 'if it bleeds it reads'
E- Elite person/place- stories about important people and nations.

News Presentation- Terrorism

Semiotic analysis of a front cover

News and Language

Conventions of a Mid-Market Tabloid

Conventions of a Mid-Market Tabloid
-Typography; Large dramatic headlines
-Traditional Values; Newspapers publish views on the Royale Family
-Moral Panics; Headlines explore certain topics like knife crimes
-Dramatic Informal Tone; made of address
-Emotive Representation; More subjective than objective language
-Soft and Hard News; Both Broadsheet and Tabloids

Soft News
-Sport
-Celebrities
-Music

Hard News
-Politics
-The Economy
-Science

Newspaper Genre's

Genre's
-Broadsheets -The Guardian, The I
-Tabloids -The Sun, Daily Mirror, Daily Star
-Mid-Market Tabloid -Daily Mail
-Local News -South-London Press
-Freesheets -The Metro
-Sunday News -Mail on Sunday

Fourth Estate

Political and Social influence
- The Fourth Estate
 -1st Estate (Religon)
 -2nd Estate (Monarchy)
 -3rd Estate (The Wealthy)
 -4th Estate (The News)

Middle Market Tabloid

Middle Market Tabloid

The copy is more formal than any tabloid but less than a broadsheet but its also opinionated.

There is a mix of soft and hard news for example theres an article on taxpayers but also an article on a celebrity selling a signature on Ebay on the same cover.

The headline has been written in traditional Serif-Font to give off an old-fashioned look to appeal to a variety of audiences.

Capitalised headlines are used to make the words stand out and it makes it easier to read so important articles will use it.

The copy to image ratio is pretty even as Middle Market Tabloids are both formal yet opinionated.

News is portrayed as both entertainment and Information to give their audience a variety of copy in their papers.

A Middle Market Tabloid has a target audience off a lower-middle class women however cause of the gimmicks and prizes to be won it is a lower-middle class in general.

Broadsheet

Broadsheet

This type of newspaper uses more formal language throughout the print for example the detail used to describe how "Snowden leaks to British intelligence."

Harder news agenda is used throughout the broadsheet as politics, finance and international news are popular stories.

Serif-Fonts are used in the headline to symbolise the news company to be formal and old fashioned, this attracts their target audience.

The front page is dominated by copy as each story is written in extreme detail to capture everyones view.

The Times offers news as information for example the amount of different stories available for the reader.

The audience is upmarket, this is shown by the stories published as broadway ( a high end theatre ) is a key story.

Red Top Tabloid

Red Top Tabloid

The Daily Star shows an example of less formal language when it says "Maura is on the prowl"

Softer News - Maura from love island is a celebrity which shows a softer news story.

The sans-serif font ( Daily Star ) is white with a red background to symbolize the type of news it publishes.

ROBBIE - This headline is in capitalised sans-serif font to stand out from the other text.

The image to copy ratio is high, due to the page being filled with images and little writing =.

Sport is being advertised as entertainment on the front cover.

Through the use of informal language, pictures and colours it targets a downmarket audience.

Newspaper Activity 2

Newspaper Activity 3

Newspapers Activity 1

L-I-A-R

L- Language 
I- Industry
A- Audience 
R- Representation 

D-I-R-T

D- Dedicated 
I- Improvement 
R- Reflect 
T- Time 

C-L-I-F-T

C- Colour 
L- Layout 
I- Image 
F- Font
T- Text

Dirt sheet

Practice advert edit

Media Audience - Old Spice

“Smell like a man, man”- Old Spice

Media Audience - Gillette

“The best a man can get”- Gillette

Media Audience

Demographic;
A; Professionals, Higher management
B; Middle management, Teachers, Creative and Media People
C1; Junior management, White collar
C2; Skilled manual workers, Blue collar
D; Semi-Skilled manual workers
E; Unemployed, Students

-Aspire; Care about your self image and how it is portrayed.
-Succeeders; These type of people have big goals in life and work very hard to reach them.
-Resigned; Quite the opposite to Succeeders these don't have huge life goals they are just surviving.
-Explorer; like to discover new opportunities stand out from the crowd as well.
-Struggler; Normally disappointed with there life and drinks to get an escape for a while.
-Reformers; Don't like to spend a lot off money also seek enlightenment.

RESPONSE
There is different kinds of responses to a piece of media due to;
- age
- cultural experience
- historical experience
- situated experience
- gender
- ethnicity

Media Representation

Film Industry

Media Theorists

Stuart Hall; Reception Theory
The idea that communication is a process involving encoding by producers and decoding by the audience.
The idea that there are hypothetical positions from which messages and meanings may be decoded.
The Dominant- takes the message the producers intended.
The Op-positional- understands the message but disagrees fully.
The Negotiated-  understand the message but only agrees to some extent.

Albert Bandura; The Effects Theory
He done experiments on how children would react if an adult did something would the child copy.
This leads to if people see stuff online will they try to copy.
SEE VIOLENCE DO VIOLENCE

George Gerbner; Cultivation Theory
He done a long term experiment by dropping small messages to try and persuade readers.

Steve Neale; Genre Theory
The idea that genres are made up of repetition and differences.
Repetition is done so the audience can tell what the genre of the film is going to be immediately so the audience can have a better understanding of the film.
However difference is done to surprise the audience and make it unsuspecting.

Media Semiotics

DENOTATION;
The poster promotes a TV series called Grimm.
It shows two police officers observing a dead body this suggests that there is danger lurking.
To give the poster a twist there is a slight glimpse of the supernatural to make the viewer want to know what it is.
The house at the top is a lot brighter than where the dead body is suggesting the house is a safe place.
The dark smoke coming from the house suggests danger this shows a contrast to the bright lighting.


CONNOTATIONS;
The police officers are next to each other meaning they are close and know each other well.
The supernatural claw is obviously hiding meaning that character is either afraid or hunting the two officers.
Because the beast is hiding we assume he is to blame for the murder however the character is mostly hidden so it is a mystery who the killer is.
As the house is in the middle of know where we assume someone dangerous lives there this can be backed up by the smoke as black is a color for death.

Media Genre

Setting- In the background it shows an isolated street that is dark and foggy to represent mystery however the contrasting flames to make viewer suggest theirs danger because fire can be a representation of the devil, it could be night as shown through the dark lighting on the poster.
Themes- The theme is action, this is shown through the destruction and also the gun as we can assume the character has used it by his body language as it looks like he's walking away from the action. 
Icons- The gun is a icon because it makes the character seem dangerous however his suit is a contrast as it represents him as successful and has a good style.
Narrative- the film will be portrayed around the main character and how he has overcome traumatic events throughout his life.
Character- Assuming that the man walking is the main charter shows that the story is going to be an action film just by his body language as he grips to the gun suggesting he knows how to use so he's not afraid to kill if he has to, also the way he is dressed shows he is financially comfortable meaning he is successful at what he does.
Textual Analysis-the camera shot is from the distance this allows the viewers to see the background to emphasize the action, he editors have added slight details such as making it more gloomy to show a mystery, his outfit is very neat and tidy this is a contrast to the road this affect will draw in a viewer, there is only one guy in the shot this shows off his importance to the movie.